Playing videogames or using social media applications on smartphones causes mental fatigue and impairs decision-making performance in amateur boxers.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of playing videogames and using social media applications on smartphones on decision-making and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in amateur boxers. Twenty one boxers were enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned to all three experimental conditions [smartphone (30SMA), videogame (30VID), and control (CON)]. CMJ was measured before and 30-min after each experimental condition. The athletes ran simulated combat recorded for decision-making analysis. The boxers watched coaching videos (CON), used social media applications on smartphones (30SMA), and played video games (30VID) for 30 min just before the combat simulation. Both attack and defense decision-making performance were worse in both 30SMA and 30VID conditions compared to the CON condition (p = 0.001). Regarding CMJ, despite no condition effect (p = 0.96) been obtained, a time effect (p = 0.001) was observed; So, it was found a decrease in CMJ performance after all experimental conditions (p = 0.001), with no difference between them. Using social media applications on smartphones and playing video game impairs decision-making performance in amateur boxers, with no harms for CMJ performance.

Effects of social media on smartphone use before and during velocity-based resistance exercise on cognitive interference control and physiological measures in trained adults.

The purpose is to analyze the effect of social networks on smartphones before and during velocity-based resistance exercise on the internal training load, heart rate variability (HRV), and cognitive interference control. Twelve trained adults volunteered to participate in this randomized and crossover design research study with three experimental conditions. The participants randomly performed a resistance exercise session, watching TV before (CON) the session or using social networks on a smartphone prior to (30SMA-P) and intra-session (SMA-INT). The participants underwent sets with repetitions [15RM load] up to 20% mean velocity loss. HRV indicators and cognitive interference control were measured before and 30-min after each experimental session. Internal training load was evaluated 30-min after each experimental session, which was calculated by the product between resistance exercise volume and RPE. No condition versus time interaction for HRV indicators (p > 0.05) was observed. It was not revealed a condition versus time interaction for cognitive interference control (p > 0.05). No condition effect for internal training load (p > 0.05) was observed. It was concluded that 30-min of social networks on smartphones before or intra-session resistance exercise had no effects on HRV indicators, cognitive interference control, and internal training load in trained adults.

Effect of mental fatigue on mean propulsive velocity, countermovement jump, and 100-m and 200-m dash performance in male college sprinters.

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of mental fatigue on mean propulsive velocity (MPV), countermovement jump (CMJ), 100, and 200-m dash performance in college sprinters. A total of 16 male athletes of sprint events (100 and 200-m dash) participated in this study. Each participant underwent two baseline visits and then running under the three experimental conditions. Assessments (MPV and CMJ) occurred both before and after either smartphone use (SMA) or Stroop task (ST), or watching a documentary TV show about the Olympic Games (CON). Then, the athletes ran the simulated race (i.e. the 100 and 200-m dash). There was no condition (p > 0.05) or time effect (p > 0.05) for MPV, CMJ, 100-m, or 200-m dash performance. In conclusion, the present study results revealed no mental fatigue effect induced by SMA or ST on neuromuscular, 100-m or 200-m dash performance in male college sprinters.

Implicações da Cegueira Congênita na Imagem Corporal: Uma Revisão Integrativa / Implications of Congenital Blindness in Body Image: An Integrative Review

RESUMO Este estudo objetiva investigar, por meio de uma revisão integrativa, as principais implicações da cegueira congênita na imagem corporal. Um processo de buscas de artigos, sem limite de data de publicação, com os descritores "congenital blindness" e "congenitally blind", nas bases SCOPUS, PsycINFO, Web of Science e PubMed, foi utilizado. Dentre as 3.612 publicações identificadas, 20 foram analisadas. Discutiu-se as implicações da cegueira em cinco áreas distintas: transtorno alimentar, representação do self, insatisfação corporal, experiência corporal e representação neural de autoconceito. Concluiu-se ser fundamental valorizar um complexo conjunto de fatores psicossociais no desenvolvimento da pessoa com cegueira congênita, que poderia impactar de modo positivo ou negativo a formação da imagem corporal.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate, through an integrative review, the main implications of congenital blindness on body image. An article search process, without publication date limit, with the descriptors "congenital blindness" and "congenitally blind", in the Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science and PubMed databases was performed. Among the 3,612 publications found, 20 were analyzed. The implications of blindness were discussed in five distinct areas: eating disorders, self-representation, body dissatisfaction, body experience and neural representation of self-concept. It was concluded that it is essential to value a complex series of psychosocial factors in the development of people with congenital blindness, which could impact positively or negatively the body image formation.

Estudo transversal sobre imagem corporal de adolescentes / Cross-sectional study on body image in adolescents / Estudio transversal sobre la imagen corporal en adolescentes

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a satisfação corporal de adolescentes de uma cidade de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O desenho do estudo foi transversal, com estudantes divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com período da adolescência: intermediário (15-16 anos) e final (17-21 anos). Para avaliação da imagem corporal, utilizou-se a escala de satisfação por áreas corporais. Participaram 170 escolares (66 meninos e 104 meninas). A mediana de satisfação corporal foi de 52,0 (25,0-72,0) pontos. A satisfação com a imagem corporal avaliada pelas áreas corporais foi elevada nos adolescentes, embora tenham sido encontrados baixos índices de satisfação com o peso e com o tônus muscular. Meninas tiveram escores menores de satisfação com o peso que os meninos (p = 0,045), houve também uma correlação significativa entre a idade e o escore total de satisfação corporal (r = 0,955). Verificou-se que a satisfação com a imagem corporal foi elevada, sendo o peso e o tônus muscular os itens com menores escores.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the body satisfaction among adolescents in a town of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The study was cross-sectional with students divided into two groups according to the adolescent period: intermediate (PI) (15-16 years) and late (PF) (17-21 years). For the body satisfaction evaluation, the body parts satisfaction scale was applied. One hundred seventy adolescents were studied (66 males and 104 females). The median body satisfaction was 52.0 (25.0-72.0) points. The satisfaction with body image assessed by body areas was elevated, although it has been observed low levels of satisfaction with weight and muscle tone. Girls had lower scores of satisfaction with weight than boys (p = 0.045), there was also a significant correlation between age and total score of body satisfaction (r = 0.955). It was found that satisfaction with body image was high, and the weight and muscle tone items with lower scores.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la satisfacción corporal en adolescentes de una ciudad de Minas Gerais, Brasil. El diseño del estudio fue transversal, con estudiantes divididos en dos grupos de acuerdo con el período de adolescencia: intermedio (PI) (15 a 16 años de edad) y tardío (PF) (17-21 años de edad). Para evaluar la imagen corporal se utilizó la escala de áreas de satisfacción corporal. Fueron estudiados 170 estudiantes (66 chicos y 104 chicas). La satisfacción corporal mediana fue de 52,0 (25,0 a 72,0) puntos. La satisfacción con la imagen corporal evaluada respecto a las áreas del cuerpo fue alta en estos adolescentes, pero se han encontrado niveles bajos de satisfacción con el peso y el tono muscular. Las niñas obtuvieron puntos más bajos de satisfacción con el peso que los niños (p = 0,045), también hubo una correlación significativa entre la edad y la puntuación total de satisfacción corporal (r = 0,955). Se encontró que la satisfacción con la imagen corporal fue alta, y los elementos de peso y tono muscular con puntuaciones más bajas.